**IT organization** refers to the structural and functional arrangement of people, roles, teams, and governance mechanisms through which an enterprise plans, delivers, operates, and manages its [[Information technology|information technology]] capabilities. An IT organization may exist as a dedicated internal department, a shared services unit, a distributed set of embedded technology teams, or a combination of these models, depending on the size, industry, and strategic priorities of the enterprise it serves. The design and effectiveness of an IT organization directly influences an enterprise's ability to deliver [[IT service|IT services]], respond to business demand, manage [[IT risk|technology risk]], and support [[Digital transformation|digital transformation]] initiatives. IT organizations are typically structured around functional specializations that reflect the major domains of IT responsibility. Common organizational units include [[IT infrastructure|infrastructure]] and [[Computer network|networking]] teams, [[Application software|application development]] and [[Software maintenance|maintenance]] groups, [[IT operations|IT operations]] and [[Service desk|service desk]] functions, [[Information security|information security]], [[Data management|data management]], and [[Enterprise architecture|enterprise architecture]]. Leadership is commonly headed by a [[Chief information officer|chief information officer]] (CIO), supported by roles such as the [[Chief technology officer|chief technology officer]] (CTO), [[Chief information security officer|chief information security officer]] (CISO), and [[Chief data officer|chief data officer]] (CDO), each carrying distinct accountability for technology strategy, security posture, and data governance respectively. The structure of IT organizations has evolved considerably in response to changes in technology delivery models and business expectations. Traditional [[Hierarchical organization|hierarchical]] IT departments organized around technical silos have progressively given way to models emphasizing cross-functional collaboration, [[Agile software development|agile]] delivery, and product-oriented thinking. [[DevOps|DevOps]] practices have encouraged the integration of development and operations functions, reducing handoff friction and accelerating service delivery. The adoption of [[Cloud computing|cloud computing]] and [[Software as a service|SaaS]] platforms has shifted IT effort from infrastructure management toward vendor governance, [[Integration|integration]], and demand management. Frameworks such as [[ITIL|ITIL]], [[COBIT]], and the [[SAFe|Scaled Agile Framework]] provide guidance on organizing IT capabilities around service quality, [[IT governance|governance]], and business alignment, and are widely referenced in the design of IT organizational structures.